Tepe Bardeh-Konte: A Mannean Site in Mahabad, Northwest Iran

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

1 Professor of Archaeology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. Iran

2 Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. Iran

3 Tissaphernes Archaeological Research Group, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

North western Iran is one of the main focal points of Mannaean sites for reconstruction of this historical period. Discovery of the sites such as Tepe Qalaichi, Zendan-i soleiman, Tepe Rabat, Qal’e Bardineh and others in this region prove this claim. Tepe Bardeh-Konte, on the southern side of Uremia lake watershed, is located in Mahabad. This site with rock-cut structures including stairs, tunnel, pits and cut-walls is situated near the Fakhrigah rock-tomb. Studying and analyzing the pottery data from this region demonstrate that the site belongs to an Iron Age III settlement; the pottery collection from the site is similar to those from Mannaean sites such as Tepe Qalaychi, Tepe Rabat, Tepe Ziwiye, Qal’e Bardineh, Zendan-i Soliyman and Kul Tarike. This article is to report the first archaeological investigation results from the first season of survey and stratigraphy of Tepe Bardeh-Konte which yielded a Mannaean settlement period. 

Keywords

Main Subjects


🔓 © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Tissaphernes Archaeological Research Group, Tehran, Iran. Open Access. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDeriv- atives License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. The ethical policy of Persica Antiqua is based on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines and complies with International Committee of Persica Antiqua Editorial Board codes of conduct. Readers, authors, reviewers and editors should follow these ethical policies once working with Persica Antiqua. The ethical policy of Persica Antiqua is liable to determine which of the typical research papers or articles submitted to the journal should be published in the concerned issue. For information on this matter in publishing and ethical guidelines please visit www.publicationethics.org.

Boehmer, R.M., (1964). “Volkstum und Stadte der Mavnaer”, Baghdader Milleilungen III: Pp. 11-24.
Diakonoff, I. M., (2007). The History of Media, Translate in Persian by Karim Keshavarz, 8th Edition, Tehran: Elmi Farhangi Publication (in Persian).
Godard, Andre. (1948). “Comments in musee Cernuschi, Iran: Pieeces du Tehran, du Musee du Louver”, et de Collections Particulieres (Paris) 9, 14.
Hassanzadeh, Yousef. (2011). “An introduction to Manna archaeology, history and culture base on latest finds,” Bastan Pajouhi, New Series, 4th Year, No. 7, spring- summer, 1388, published date 1390, pp. 54- 58, (in Persian). 
Hassanzadeh, Yousef. (2009). “Qal’e Bardine, a Mannaean local chiefdom in the Bukan Area, North- Western Iran”, AMIT, Band 41, Pp. 269- 282. 
Heydari, Reza. (2009). “The results of second season of archaeological investigations in Rabat Sardasht archaeological site, Aban and dey 1385”, Proceedings of the Ninth Annual of Iranian Archaeology, 1st Volume, Pp. 201- 229, (in Persian).
Kargar, Bahman. (2004). “Qalaychi: Izirtu a Mannaean Center, Ib level 1378- 1381,” in Masoud Azarnoush (ed.), Proceedings of the International Symposium on Iranian Archaeology: North-Western Region, Cultural Heritage and Tourism Center of Iran (research institute), Archaeology Research Institute, pp.229- 245 (in Persian).
Kleiss, W., (1970). “Bericht Uber Erkundun gsfahrten in Northwest- Iran Im Jahre 1969, (Tafel 49- 64)”, AMI, Pp. 107- 132.
Lanfrachi, G.B., (1995). “Assyrian Geography and Assyrian Letters. The location of Hubuskia again”, in Liverani (ed.) Neo- Assyrian Geography: 127-37.
Lemaire, A., (1988). “Une Inscripition Arameene du VIIIe S.AV. J.-C. trouee a Bukan (Azerbaidjan Iranien)”, Studia Iranica, Vol 27, Pp.15-30.
Limaire, Anrea. (1998). “The Discovery of an Arramit inscription in 8th century B.C. from Bukan”, Persian translation: Rasul Bashash, Asar Journal, Nos. 29- 30, Pp. 109- 120.
Lukenbill, D.D. (1926). Ancient Records of Assyria and BabyloniaI Historical Records of Assyria from the Earliest to Sargon, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 
Lukenbill, D.D. (1927). Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia II Historical Records of Assyria from the Sargon to the End, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.   
Mollazadeh, Kazem. (2004) Geographical history and Mannaean Archaeology, unpublished PhD thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, (in Persian),
Mollazadeh, Kazem. (2011) “Mannaean kingdom; a look at Mannaeans cultural, social, political structures according to archaeological and geographical knowledge”, Iranology and Archeology Quarterly, 4th Year, Vol. 7 (in Persian).
Mollazadeh, Kazem. (2008). “The pottery from the Mannean site of Qalaichi, Bukan (N.W-Iran)”, Iranica Antiqua, vol. xl-III, pp. 106- 125.
Muscarella, Oscar, White. (2011) “Ziwiye and Ziwiye: a forgery of a province”, Iranology and Archeology Quarterly, 4th Year, No. 7, Pp. 54- 58, (in Persian).
Muscarella, Oscar, White. (1973). “Excavations at Agrab Tepe”, Metropolitan Museum Journal, Vol 8, Pp. 47-76.
Rezvani, Hasan.  (2004). “A preliminary report of the first and second seasons of file works in Kul-Tarike cemetery, Kurdistan”, in Masoud Azarnoush (ed.), Proceedings of the International Symposium on Iranian Archaeology: North-Western region, Cultural Heritage and Tourism Center of Iran (research institute), Archaeology Research Institute, Pp. 81- 110, (in Persian).
Von der Osten, Hening, Naumann, H. R., (2004). Takht-i Suleiman, Persian translation: Faramarz Najd Sameyi, Cultural Heritage and Tourism Center of Iran Pub. 2nd Edition, Tehran, (in Persian).
Yaghmaei, Esmail. (1985). “The Discovery of a Thousand-year-old temple in Bukan”, Keyhan Newspaper, (21 Isfand 1364), p.9, (in Persian).